At that time, they could not be assigned to a species since they were negative in the D-sorbitol and melibiose tests and did not fit the biochemical profile of any established Enterobacter species. Since their discovery, the colicins of E. coli have been the most extensively studied Gram-negative bacteriocins and they now serve as a model system for investigating the mechanisms of bacteriocin structure/function, genetic organization, ecology, and evolution. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. Natural antibiotic susceptibility of strains of the Enterobacter cloacae complex. FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology. The ampC gene was cloned into E. coli strains and analyzed through pulse field gel electrophoresis. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. The organism is able to make ATP by aerobic respiration when there’s oxygen present, but when there’s an absence of oxygen it can switch over to fermentation. 2. 4. Recently, few strains of Enterobacter cloacae have been found that have decreased susceptibility to tigecycline. In general, the strains from environmental sources grow better at 20-30 degrees C., whereas strains from clinical sources grow better at 37 degrees C. Colonial morphology differs greatly among Enterobacter spp. Biochemical properties of a carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase from Enterobacter cloacae and cloning of the gene into Escherichia coli. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. Some of the better beta-lactams which are effective include the 4th generation carbapenems and cephalosporins. Poirel L, Castanheira M, Carrër A et al. Clinical Infectious Diseases. Farmer JJ III, Asbury MA, Hickman FW, Brenner DJ; Enterobacteriaceae Study Group. Baucheron S, Imberechts H, Chaslus-Dancla E, Cloeckaert A. Microbiol. Tzouvelekis LS, Vatopoulos AC, Katsanis G, Tzelepi E. Rare case of failure by an automated system to detect extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in a cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate. (4). 39, 309–317 (2004). Microbial Drug Resistance. E. agglomerans This bacterium is commonly found is a hospital setting where patients have compromised immune systems. Ludwig W, Strunk O, Westram R et al. many of these biochemical tests may be obtained using API 20E Patients that are compromised such as premature infants, traumatized patients, or those that have suffered Burns may come in contact with this bacterium. and the crop and mid-gut of the oriental fruit fly (Dacus The five most common Gram-negative microbial isolates found in the burn population at the Shriners Burns Hospital, Galveston are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, and Acinetobacter baumannii/haemolyticus. During the period Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: a clinical update. On the basis of DNA relatedness, both organisms could be included in a single taxon. The size of this bacteria ranges from 0.3-0.6 x 0.8-2.0 μm. (4), Enterobacter cloacae are nosocomial pathogens that can cause a range of infections such as bacteremia, lower respiratory tract infection, skin and soft tissue infections, urinary tract infections, endocarditis, intra-abdominal infections, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and ophthalmic infections (4). 25, 11–25 (2005). Postharvest diseases of papaya. Current Microbiology. Anthony KB, Fishman NO, Linkin DR, Gasink LB, Edelstein PH, Lautenbach E. Clinical and microbiological outcomes of serious infections with multidrugresistant Gram-negative organisms treated with tigecycline. Production of cellulose and curli fimbriae by members of the family Enterobacteriaceae isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract. Reactions to 192 (9), 2463–2464 (2010). April 2004. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=375280, (18) Yamamoto A, Konishi E, Kumata M. “[Drug-resistant bacteria isolated from pharyngeal swab cultures and urine in acutely or chronically febrile elderly nursing home inmates].” May 2007;44(3):331-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=17575437&ordinalpos=21&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum, (19) Yang C, Cheng Y, Ma X, Zhu Y, Holman HY, Lin Z, Wang C. “Surface-mediated chromate-resistant mechanism of Enterobacter cloacae bacteria investigated by atomic force microscopy.” 10 April 2007; 23(8):4480-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=17371056&ordinalpos=42&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum. E. asburiae strains have been isolated from the soil and implicated in the mobilization of phosphate for plant nutrition from calcium phosphate, but most E. asburiae species have been isolated from human sources. It belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae and is known to cause a number of opportunistic infections, as well as many nosocomial infections of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, blood and some other sites in patients. This page was last edited on 5 August 2013, at 14:39. This organism is oxidase negative but catalase positive and is facultative anaerobic (13). It might not necessarily be this bacterium it could be something else. 27, 2046–2049 (1989). These strains occur as commensal microflora in the intestinal tracts of humans and animals[1] and play an important role as pathogens in plants and insects. The toxin then kills the target cell by one of several mechanisms: (1) channel formation in the cytoplasmic membrane; (2) cellular DNA degradation; (3) protein biosynthesis inhibition by cleaving RNA; or (4) murein and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis inhibition by interference with lipid carrier regeneration. and Which is leading to problems. The type strain of E. kobei is NIH 1485–1479 and was isolated by blood culture of a diabetic patient. Price DJE, Graham DI. Sanders WE Jr, Sanders CC. 1. p. 149-158. have been implicated in a long-term nosocomial outbreak of urinary tract infections. METABOLIC PROPERTIES Klebsiella was the predominant organism in stool culture and has been also identified in high numbers from the suspected food. E. gergoviae You may also have a decrease in the urine flow. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. Enterobacter asburiae sp. The patient may actually feel better than they would normally feel with other types of pneumonia, but this pneumonia caused by this bacterium has a very high mortality rate. Jang, E. E., and Nishijima, Colicins are usually encoded on one of two types of colicinogenic plasmids. Giakkoupi P, Tzouvelekis LS, Tsakris A, Loukova V, Sofianou D, Tzelepi E. IBC-1, a novel integron-associated class A beta-lactamase with extended-spectrum properties produced by an clinical strain. 46, 3110–3111 (2008). All the subjects developed watery diarrhea with violent abdominal pain 10–15 h after eating the implicated meal. The complete E. cloacae subsp. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 48, 648–650 (2004). cloacae strain PR-4 isolated and identified by 16S rDNA gene sequence with Phylogenetic tree view, from explosive laden soil. Some are motile by four to six peritrichous flagella. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Journal of Clinical Microbiology.36, 3085–3087 (1998). 69, 5306–5318 (2003). 56, 463–469 (2005). Enterobacteriaceae is a large family of Gram-negative bacteria.It was first proposed by Rahn in 1936, and now includes over 30 genera and more than 100 species. However, it is safe to assume that in their natural habitat, for example, the mammalian intestine, DNA-damaging agents are not abundant. Farmer JJ. Yan JJ, Ko WC, Chuang CL, Wu JJ. Enterobacter agglomerans (Beijerinck) comb. Molecular epidemiology of systemic infection caused by Enterobacter cloacae in a high-risk neonatal intensive care unit. 6, 629–640 (2006). With many possibilities for outbreaks due to Enterobacter cloacae, it is important to have routine environment cleaning, especially when new methods, equipments, or personnel are introduced (8). Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. Systematic and Applied Microbiology. Jules J. Berman, in Taxonomic Guide to Infectious Diseases, 2012, Enterobacter aerogenes (opportunistic sepsis), Enterobacter cloacae (urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections), Escherichia coli (food poisoning, enteritis), Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis (rhinoscleroma), Klebsiella granulomatis, formerly Calymmatobacterium granulomatis, formerly Donovania granulomatis (granuloma inguinale, donovanosis, granuloma venereum), Morganella morganii (a wide variety of organ infections, and sepsis), Plesiomonas shigelloides (gastroenteritis, developing into sepsis, in immune-compromised humans), Proteus mirabilis (struvite renal stones, urinary tract infections), Proteus penneri, formerly a substrain of Proteus vulgaris (nosocomial urinary tract infections and sepsis), Proteus vulgaris (nosocomial urinary tract infections and sepsis), Providencia species (urinary tract infections, gastroenteritis, and bacteremia), Providencia stuartii (purple urine bag syndrome), Salmonella paratyphi A, B, C (paratyphoid fever), Salmonella typhi, Salmonella enterica enterica, serovar Typhi (typhoid fever), Shigella boydii (shigellosis, bacillary dysentery), Shigella dysenteriae (shigellosis, bacillary dysentery), Shigella flexneri (shigellosis, bacillary dysentery), Shigella sonnei (shigellosis, bacillary dysentery), Yersinia enterocolitica (yersiniosis, occasionally included with Shigella species as a cause of bacillary dysentery), Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (pseudotuberculosis), Fluoribacter bozemanae, formerly Legionella bozemanae (pneumonia), Legionella pneumophila (Legionellosis, Legionnaire’s disease, Legion fever, Pontiac fever), Legionella species (Legionellosis, Legionnaire’s disease, Legion fever, Pontiac fever), Haemophilus influenzae (meningitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis, otitis media), Haemophilus parainfluenzae (endocarditis), Acinetobacter baumannii (nosocomial pneumonia, ventilator-associated pneumonia), Acinetobacter lwoffi (nosocomial pneumonia, nosocomial bacteremia, nosocomial meningitis, nosocomial wound infections), Moraxella catarrhalis (respiratory tract infections, sepsis, especially in immune-compromised individuals), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (multi-organ infections, sepsis in immune-compromised individuals, hot tub rash), Francisella tularensis (tularemia, rabbit fever), Vibrio cholerae, including El Tor (cholera), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (watery diarrhea), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, formerly Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (periodontal disease), P. Guglielmetti, A. Bartoloni, in Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition (Second Edition), 2003.

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