Linn, B.M., 2000, The Philippine War, 1899-1902, Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1884 Picture of Gatling Gun on board 1875 US warship "Alliance", History of Accles & Shelvoke from company website, List of Military Gatling & Revolver cannons, Description of operating principle (with animation) from HowStuffWorks, Animations and technical descriptions of 1862, 1865 and 1874 models, M1840 army noncommissioned officer's sword, Deringer M1825 Philadelphia caplock pistol, Remington M1860 Elliot revolver pepperbox, Wesson and Leavitt M1850 Dragoon revolver, Joslyn M1855, M1861, M1862, M1864, M1865 carbine and rifle, Meylin M1719 Pennsylvania-Kentucky rifled musket, Spencer M1860 repeating carbine and rifle, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gatling_gun&oldid=986611775, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 200 rounds per minute in .58 caliber, 400-900 rounds per minute in .30 caliber, This page was last edited on 1 November 2020, at 22:56. By this time, the U.S. Marines had been issued the modern tripod-mounted M1895 Colt–Browning machine gun using the 6mm Lee Navy round, which they employed to defeat the Spanish infantry at the battle of Cuzco Wells. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/gatling-gun, "Gatling gun This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/technology/Gatling-gun, Military History Encyclopedia on the Web - Gatling Gun, Shotgun's Home of the American Civil War - The Gatling Gun. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Parker, John H.: Cranked by hand at its highest speed until the first magazine of ammunition had been emptied, the M1895 .30 Gatling Gun had an initial rate of fire of 800–900 rounds per minute. Many other versions of the Gatling gun were built from the late 20th century to the present, the largest of these being the 30mm GAU-8 Avenger autocannon as used on the Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II. Richard Gatling was born on a large plantati…, Background [11] When operators were firing Gatling guns against troops of industrialized nations, they were at risk, being vulnerable to artillery they could not reach and snipers they could not see. It and all other hand-operated machine guns were made obsolete by the development of recoil- and gas-operated guns that followed the invention of smokeless gunpowder. Announcing our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! The Gatling gun is a rapid-fire weapon invented in 1861 by Richard Jordan Gatling and a forerunner of the modern machine gun. Cartridges, held in a hopper, dropped individually into the grooves of the carrier. (October 16, 2020). [17] Circa 1895 the American Ordnance Company acquired the rights to manufacture and distribute this weapon in the Americas. This configuration eliminated the need for a single reciprocating bolt design and allowed higher rates of fire to be achieved without the barrels overheating quickly. ." Although the maximum rate of fire was increased by firing multiple projectiles simultaneously, these weapons still needed to be reloaded after each discharge, which for multi-barrel systems like the mitrailleuse was cumbersome and time-consuming. . He invented the Gatling gun in 1862. The lock was simultaneously forced by the cam to move forward and load the cartridge, and when the cam was at its highest point, the cocking ring freed the lock and fired the cartridge. [11], Because of infighting within army ordnance, Gatling guns were used by the U.S. Army during the Spanish–American War. [7] Tests demonstrated the electric Gatling could fire bursts of up to 1,500 rpm. ." green. The initial Gatling gun design used self-contained, reloadable steel cylinders with a chamber holding a ball and black-powder charge, and a percussion cap on one end. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/gatling-gun. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. By 1893, the Gatling was adapted to take the new .30 Army smokeless cartridge. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/gatling-gun. [3][6] Dr. Gatling later used examples of the M1893 powered by electric motor and belt to drive the crank. Gatling gun, hand-driven machine gun, the first to solve the problems of loading, reliability, and the firing of sustained bursts. Lieutenant Arthur L. Howard of the Connecticut National Guard had an interest in the company manufacturing Gatling guns, and took a personally owned Gatling gun to Saskatchewan, Canada, in 1885 for use with the Canadian military against Métis rebels during Louis Riel's North-West Rebellion. The casing was partitioned, and through this opening the barrel shaft was journaled. Updates? Gatling guns were used by the Peruvian Navy and Army, especially in the Battle of Tacna (May 1880) and the Battle of San Juan (January 1881) against the invading Chilean Army. The Gatling gun's operation centered on a cyclic multi-barrel design which facilitated cooling and synchronized the firing-reloading sequence. It was invented about 1862 by Richard Jordan Gatling during the American Civil War. Captain Luis Germán Astete of the Peruvian Navy took with him dozens of Gatling guns from the United States to Peru in December 1879 during the Peru-Chile War of the Pacific. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Advertisements. The barrels were loaded by gravity and the camming action of the cartridge container, located directly above the gun. Gatling's electric-powered design received US Patent #502,185 on July 25, 1893. The Gatling gun featured a circle of ten barrels attached to a rotating shaft turned by a hand‐operated crank, which drove the entire device. [3] During the American charge up San Juan and Kettle hills, the three guns fired a total of 18,000 .30 Army rounds in 8 1/2 minutes (an average of over 700 rounds per minute per gun of continuous fire) against Spanish troop positions along the crest of both hills, wreaking terrible carnage.[3][27]. Encyclopedia.com. Women also formed the majo…, Hollerith, Herman [10] Compared with earlier weapons such as the mitrailleuse, which required manual reloading, the Gatling gun was more reliable and easier to operate, and had a lower, but continuous rate of fire. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Corrections? Initially the Union Army was not interested in Gatling’s creation. Elias Howe (1819-1867), American inventor, is credited with designing the first workable sewing machine, an invention which rev…, Gateway Technical College: Narrative Description, GateWay Technical College: Distance Learning Programs, Gateway Community College: Narrative Description, Gateway Community College: Distance Learning Programs, Gateway Community and Technical College: Tabular Data, Gattinara, Mercurino Arborio, marchese di, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/gatling-gun, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/gatling-gun, https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/gatling-gun, The Mass Production of Death: Richard Jordan Gatling Invents the Gatling Gun and Sir Hiram Maxim Invents the Maxim Machine Gun. Each barrel was loaded and fired during a half-rotation around the central shaft, and the spent cases were ejected during the second half-rotation. Share this fact: Leave a Comment Cancel reply. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Despite self-contained brass cartridges replacing the paper cartridge in the 1860s, it wasn't until the Model 1881 that Gatling switched to the 'Bruce'-style feed system (U.S. Elias Howe © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. World Encyclopedia. "Gatling gun Each barrel had its own firing mechanism. The concept resurfaced after World War II with the development of the Minigun and the M61 Vulcan. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Also in the casing was a cocking ring with projections to cock and fire the gun. After the Gatling gun was replaced in service by newer recoil or gas-operated weapons, the approach of using multiple externally powered rotating barrels fell into disuse for many decades. This negated much of the advantage of their high rate of fire per discharge, making them much less powerful on the battlefield. However, General Benjamin Butler eventually purchased several Gatling guns for one of his … [10] Imperial Russia purchased 400 Gatling guns and used them against Turkmen cavalry and other nomads of central Asia.

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