Kirat Limbus people believe in a supreme god called Tagera Ningwaphuma (shapeless entity appearing as a bright light), who is worshipped in earthy form as the Goddess Yuma Sammang and her male counterpart 'Theba Sammang'. Aka-Jeru, From around the 8th century, areas on the northern frontier of the Kirat region began to fall under the domination of migrant people of Tibetan origin. Khaling, [26] The basis of these claims relies on the fact that they are Mongoloids. Sylheti, [21] Although the 14th century text Gopalarajavamsavali states that the descendants of the Kirata clan that ruled Nepal before the Licchavis resided in the region of the Tamarkoshi river,[22] a number of Newar caste and sub-caste groups and clans also claim descent from the erstwhile Kirat royal lineage. [31] Kirat Rai worship (Sumnima/Paruhang) are their cultural and religious practices. Bantawa is taught in some schools in Nepal and Bhutan, and is used in the media and literature. In 2011 there were about 161,500 speakers of Bantawa in Nepal, where the language is officially recognised. [citation needed] Dhimal, Hayu, Koch, Thami, Tharu, Chepang, and Surel ethnic groups also consider themselves to be of Kirati descent. Balti, Lhomi, It is written with a version of the Devanagari alphabet, and used to be written with the Kirat Rai script. Khaling, The earliest references to the Kirat as principal inhabitants of the Himalayan region are found in the texts of Atharvashirsha and Mahabharata, believed to date to before the 9th century BC. https://www.ethnologue.com/language/bap The same text speaks of King Suraghu, the head of the Kiratas who is a friend of the Persian King, Parigha. According to the history of Nepal, the Kirats ruled for about 1,225 years (800 BCE–300 CE). [5] Some legendary sources from the Kathmandu Valley describe the Kiratas as early rulers there, taking over from earlier Gopals or Abhiras, both of whom may have been cowherding tribes. Yakkha. The Mundhum is the book of knowledge on origin, history, culture, occupation and traditions of Kirati people. This game is plotted in the fictional mountainous country of Kyrat, which is heavily inspired by the Kirati people and culture. [27] Kirati people worshiped nature and their ancestors, practice shamanism. "Kirat" is the root word of ancient tribes of Nepal. Dhundari, The Limbu rulers of Limbuwan, known as Raya (King /Hang) had established a weak rule in the Limbuwan region by adopting a policy of mutual understanding with the local limbu leaders. Sunwar, Newar, Kirat Rai Yayokkha is a social organization of the Kirat Rai, an indigenous ethnic group in Nepal that established in 1990 (2047 B.S.) Bhojpuri, According to Mahabharata, chronicle of Bansawali William Kirk Patrick[11] and Daniel Wright,[12] the Kirata kings of the Nepal Valley were: The Yele Sambat (Yele Era) is named after Kirat King Yalambar. The Kirati people and Kiranti languages between the rivers Likhu and Arun, including some small groups east of the Arun, are usually referred to as the kirat people, which is a geographic grouping rather than a genetic grouping. King Tribhuwan demolished title of Raya (means King in Nepali language) to Subba. After the completion of the conquest of the Majha Kirat (Khambuwan) and Wallo Kirat, the Gorkhali army marched east towards the Pallo Kirat (Limbuwan) territory. Te-ongsi Sirijunga Xin Thebe was an 18th-century Limbu scholar, teacher, educator, historian, and philosopher of Limbuwan (pallo kirat) and Sikkim. A collection of manuscripts from the 18th and 19th centuries, till now unpublished and unstudied by historians, have made possible a new understanding of this conflict. Rai, Limbu, Sunuwar, Yakkha and few segments of the Kirat people like Bahing, Kulung and speakers of Khaling, Bantawa, Chamling, Thulung, Jerung, and other related ethnic groups. [7][citation needed] A Sanskrit Dictionary gives the meaning of 'Kirat' as a 'degraded, mountainous tribe, a savage and barbarian' while other scholars attribute more respectable meanings to this term and say that it denotes people with the lion's character, or mountain dwellers. [28] Kirat Limbus people believe in a supreme god called Tagera Ningwaphuma (shapeless entity appearing as a bright light), who is worshipped in earthy form as the Goddess Yuma Sammang and her male counterpart 'Theba Sammang'.[29][30]. The mission of Kirat Rai Yayokkha is to maintain social integrity, acquire equality and justice, by protecting, preserving and promoting distinct social and cultural identity and linguistic diversity of Kirat Rai. Contemporary historians widely agree that widespread cultural exchange and intermarriage took place in the eastern Himalayan region between the indigenous inhabitants — called the Kirat — and the Tibetan migrant population, reaching a climax during the 8th and 9th centuries. [citation needed] The - Rai, Limbu, Yakkha and Sunuwar are different from one another and yet they all sit under one umbrella in many respects.[17]. Gellner, David N. and Declan Quigley (eds.) In addition to ancestor worship, Kirati people also worship Mother Nature. The Himalayan Kirat people practice Kirat Mundhum, calling it "Kirat religion". It is spoken mainly in eastern Nepal, particularly in the Kosi, Mechi and Sagarmatha zones. They are first mentioned in the Yajurveda (Shukla XXX.16; Krisha III.4,12,1) and in the Atharvaveda (X.4,14), which dates back to 16th century BC. Garhwali, Bantawa, Malto, "Rai" word is one of the Kirat ethnic groups. Santali, This treaty formally merged the 10 Limbu kingdoms into the Gorkha kingdom but it also had a provision for autonomy of Limbuwan under the "kipat" system.

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